Industrial Metals

Chile, Peru, China, and Congo lead mine supply of around 22 million tonnes a year, and refined cathode trades on the LME, whose wa...

Around 70 million tonnes of primary metal are produced yearly, with China smelting near 60 percent and India, Russia, and the Gulf...

Around 1.4 billion tonnes trade seaborne yearly, with BHP, Rio Tinto, Vale, and Fortescue shipping the bulk from the Pilbara and C...

About 13 million tonnes of refined metal are produced yearly, China the top producer, with Peru, Australia, and India following. A...

Class one, over 99 percent pure and LME deliverable, and class two, ferronickel and nickel pig iron, split the market: stainless s...

Supply comes from hard rock spodumene, Australia the leader, and continental brines in Chile and Argentina, with China refining mo...

Around 200,000 tonnes a year come to market, over 70 percent from DR Congo as a byproduct of copper mining, with Indonesian mixed ...

The family splits light and heavy, with neodymium and praseodymium powering permanent magnets, dysprosium and terbium added for he...

Some 350,000 tonnes a year come from Indonesia, China, Myanmar, Peru, and Bolivia, with Indonesian independent smelters and the po...

Refined output runs near 13 million tonnes a year with recycled material supplying more than half, since lead acid batteries come ...

Tens of millions of tonnes of ore ship yearly, South Africa dominant in volume, with Australia and Gabon supplying high grades, an...

Roughly 300,000 tonnes a year come to market, around 80 percent as a byproduct of copper mining in China, Chile, and North America...

Natural flake graphite is mined mostly in China, with Mozambique, Madagascar, and Brazil adding supply, while synthetic graphite i...

Silicon metal smelts quartz with carbon in arc furnaces, China dominant by far, with Brazil, Norway, and the US producing the rest...

World output runs near 1.9 billion tonnes, China half of it, and derivatives follow rebar and hot rolled coil on Chinese exchanges...

The titanium minerals ilmenite and rutile are mined in countries including Australia, South Africa, Mozambique and China, but most...

Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal, and most of it is used as tungsten carbide in cutting tools, drill bits and w...

Most vanadium goes into steel, where small additions of ferrovanadium strengthen rebar and high strength alloys. Supply comes main...

Chromite ore is smelted into ferrochrome, and the great majority of it goes into stainless steel, which needs at least about 10.5 ...

China produces the large majority of primary magnesium, mainly through the energy intensive Pidgeon process in Shaanxi province, w...

Gallium is recovered in small quantities as a byproduct of alumina refining and zinc processing, and China produces nearly all of ...

Germanium is recovered from zinc ore processing and from certain coal ashes, with China the leading producer. It is used in fiber ...

Antimony is mined mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite, with China the largest producer and refiner and countries including Taji...